Social Studies

The South Brazialian campos grasslands (also known as only campos) are unique ecosystems. Located in the southern most part of Brazil, these ecosystems are rich in plant species, being more diverse than forest ecosystems in the same area.

Lakshadweep is the smallest union territory of India and is located in the Arabian sea.

As per diagram/directions ‘A’ represents West direction, while C-North, D-South and B-East directions of India.

Barometer instrument/tool is used to measure atmospheric pressure say; wind velocity.

Popular eco-friendly automobile fuel is CNG.

Food security exists when all people, at all time have access to sufficient, safe and nutrious food.

In organic farming, organic manures (FYM, compost, Vermicompost, Green Manures, NADEP composts, oil cakes) and Bio-fertilizers (PSB, VAM, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Rhizobium culture) are only used, no use of chemicals (Pesticides/Insecticides / Fungicides /Weedicides / Herbicides).

Iron and steel industry is often referred to as the backbone of the modern industry. This is because that almost everything is either made from iron or steel or has been made using tools and machineries of these metals.

Ladakh is high altitude desert as the Himalayas create in rain shadow, denying entry to monsoon clouds.

During the World War I. Indian industries expanded as war created a demand for industrial goods.

When two airmasses, having different temperature meet with one another, then cold airmass tend to force warm air mass to rise. After rising warm air mass cools down and rains. In given diagram cold air is decending from left side, foreing the warm air to rise, cools and rains.

The Rigveda is a sacred Indo-Aryan collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns still being used in India.

The Purus were a tribe, or a confederation of tribes, mentioned many times in Rigveda, located at the banks of the Sarswati river. There were several faction of Purus, one being the Bharatas. They lived in North-West Part of India.

The core area of the Magadh kingdom was Bihar, south of Ganga. Its first capital was Rajagriha (modern Rajgir) then Pataliputra (modern Patna).

The Sulaiman and Kirthar ranges of Baluchistan and the valleys that traverse them (e.g. Khyber, Bolan), were potential passes for hominin dispersals from the central Asian plateau. In this area near about 8000 years ago people started living in villages.

Circle of illumination is a term refers to the circle (equator) as the surface of the earth which distinguishes day from night.

Gompas are Buddhist temples/ monasteries located in Tibet, Ladakh (India), Nepal and Bhutan.

Order of the 7 continents from smallest to largest in population size. 1. Antarcitica 2. Australia 3. Europe 4. South America 5. North America 6. Africa 7. Asia

Kolkata Port is situated on the River Hooghly in west Bengal, and located 144 km away from way of Bengal.

An inscription, which is found in Masjid-i-Jami, popu-larly known as Masjid-i-Qutab al- Islam, mentioned that God has chosen Alauddin as sultan because he possessed the attributes of the Moses and Solomon, the great keepers of the law in the past.

Shafi and Hanafi are Islamic schools of law.

During the East India Company’s rule, in Zamindari settlement, the village headman or Zamindar made responsible to collect the revenue and pay it to the company.

Minhaj-i-Siraj was a chronicter during the rule of Razia Sultan. He agreed that she was more able and qualified then her brothers but was not happy as having a queen as a ruler.

Dantidurga, also known as Dantivarman or Dantidurga II was the founder of the Rashtrakuta Empire of Manyakheta. His capital was based in Gulbarga region on Karnataka.

In Vedic period, the people were divided into clans or tribes called Janas. Five Janas are commonly mentioned Puru, Anu, Yadu, Tratsu and Druhya are examples of Janas. Similarly we hear of Bharatas or the Bharata Jana.

The Palaeolithic or stone Age, is the longest period of human history.

Chirand is a stratified Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Ironage settlement in the eastern Ganges valley of Bihar—in northern India, between about 2500 A D. The Neolithic occupation (2500–1345 B.C.) contains evidence of small circular huts and small scale farming of wheat, rice, mung, masur and peas.

Ancient rock painting have been found in Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.

Article 16 of Indian Constitution of India clearly mentions that the state shall treat every-one equally in the matters of employments. No citizen shall be discriminated on the basis of race, cast, religion, creed, descent or face of birth in respect of any employment or office under the state.

The main function of executive in Indian democracy is to implement laws made by the Parliament.

Convergent means narrowing possibilities until a solution is found.

The term ‘federalism’ is used to describe a system of government in which sovereignity is constitutionally divided between a central governing authority and constituent political units (such as state or provinces).

There are three primary divisions of a state. (i) The Executive (ii) The Legislative (iii) The Judiciary.

Zulu is a language of South Africa.

According to a tradition, St. Thomas was one of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ. He belonged to Kerala.

The ‘Mid-Day Meal’ Programme/ Scheme was launched on August, 1995 to give a boost universalization of primaryeducation by increasing enrolment of poor children in school, to reduce caste prejudices etc., however, more makes getting in examination by poor children is not one of objective.

Article 80 of the Constitution lays down the maximum strength of Rajya Sabha as 250, out of which 12 members are nominated by the President and 238 are representatives of the states and of the Union Territories. The present strength of Rajya Sabha, however, is 245 out of which 233 are representatives of the states and Union Territories of Delhi and Puducherry and 12 are nominated by the President.